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Biology notes for NEET
All twenty-eight Biology chapters, botany and zoology together, written to be read alongside NCERT rather than instead of it.
Class 11
15 chapters
- 01
The Living World
Class 11Characteristics of life, taxonomic categories and nomenclature
- 02
Biological Classification
Class 11Five kingdom classification, viruses, viroids and lichens
- 03
Plant Kingdom
Class 11Algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms
- 04
Animal Kingdom
Class 11Basis of classification and phylum-wise features
- 05
Morphology of Flowering Plants
Class 11Root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, seed and floral formulae
- 06
Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Class 11Tissues, tissue systems and dicot versus monocot anatomy
- 07
Animal tissues and the anatomy of the frog
- 08
Cell: The Unit of Life
Class 11Cell theory, organelles, nucleus and the cytoskeleton
- 09
Biomolecules
Class 11Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and enzymes
- 10
Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Class 11Interphase, mitosis and meiosis
- 11
Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
Class 11Light reaction, Calvin cycle, C4 pathway and photorespiration
- 12
Respiration in Plants
Class 11Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, ETC and the respiratory quotient
- 13
Plant Growth and Development
Class 11Growth phases, plant hormones, photoperiodism and vernalisation
- 14
Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Class 11Respiratory organs, lung volumes and transport of gases
- 15
Body Fluids and Circulation
Class 11Blood, blood groups, the human heart and cardiac cycle
Class 12
13 chapters
- 16
Pollination, double fertilisation and apomixis
- 17
Human Reproduction
Class 12Gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, fertilisation and pregnancy
- 18
Reproductive Health
Class 12Contraception, MTP, STIs and assisted reproduction
- 19
Mendel's laws, linkage, sex determination and genetic disorders
- 20
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Class 12DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation and lac operon
- 21
Evolution
Class 12Evidence for evolution, Darwinism and the Hardy-Weinberg principle
- 22
Human Health and Disease
Class 12Pathogens, immunity, AIDS, cancer and drug abuse
- 23
Microbes in Human Welfare
Class 12Industrial products, sewage treatment, biocontrol and biofertilisers
- 24
Restriction enzymes, vectors, PCR and bioreactors
- 25
Bt crops, RNA interference, gene therapy and transgenic animals
- 26
Organisms and Populations
Class 12Adaptations, population growth models and interactions
- 27
Ecosystem
Class 12Productivity, energy flow, ecological pyramids and nutrient cycling
- 28
Biodiversity and Conservation
Class 12Patterns of diversity, causes of loss and conservation strategies
Previous year papers and question banks
Work through these once you have covered the chapters above — every question carries a full worked explanation, not just the answer key.
Biology carries the most marks, so it decides the rank
Biology accounts for half the NEET paper, which means it is where a rank is usually made or lost. Genetics and Evolution, Human Physiology, Cell Biology and Ecology between them carry a large share of those questions, so those four blocks deserve your first and most frequent revisions. The rest of the syllabus still has to be covered, but it does not deserve equal time.
Read NCERT first — these notes are the second pass
More than any other subject, NEET Biology questions are drawn close to the wording of NCERT, including its diagrams, tables and example organisms. That makes NCERT the base text and these chapters a revision layer on top of it. Use them to compress a chapter you have already read, to see the exceptions called out explicitly, and to check yourself against the solved example before attempting the practice set.